Audijeva študija: nič več zastojev

Koliko časa nam bodo prihranili avtonomni avtomobili, skupni prevozi in pametno upravljanje prometa? Audijeva študija 25th Hour – Flow, ki smo jo izvedli v sodelovanju s strokovnjaki za promet s tehnološkega inštituta Karlsruhe (KIT) in münchenskim svetovalnim podjetjem MobilityPartners, simulira promet prihodnosti v nemškem mestu Ingolstadt. Rezultati so pokazali, da bi se v popolnoma avtomatiziranem prometu čas vsakodnevnih potovanj skrajšal kar za tretjino, tudi če bi se število ljudi v prometu povečalo za več kot deset odstotkov. Pogoj za to pa je souporaba avtomobilov.

27.08.2020 Avtor: Audi Team  Fotografije: Arhiv Audi

Grafika človeka pred interaktivno digitalno tablico, ki stoji ob prometnem znaku

Avtonomni avtomobili bodo na dolgi rok pripomogli k reševanju prometnih težav v mestih. Njihove prednosti postanejo še bolj očitne, ko jih spremljata premišljeno upravljanje prometa in nekoliko višja zasedenost avtomobilov. Če bi se število oseb v posameznem avtomobilu z 1,1. povečalo na 1,3, ne bi več imeli prometnih zastojev. V popolnoma avtomatiziranem, povezanem prometnem sistemu bi lahko več ljudi  (+12 %) v mestnem prometu potovalo veliko hitreje (-33 %).

Povezani, avtonomni in souporabljani avtomobili omogočajo tudi prerazporeditev uličnih površin in s tem višajo kakovost življenja v mestih. Z uporabo popolnoma avtonomnih vozil bi lahko vsak četrti vozni pas spremenili v stezo za pešce ali kolesarje. V raziskavi smo upoštevali tudi dejstvo, da bi avtonomni avtomobili omogočili večjo mobilnosti starejšim občanom, otrokom in osebam brez vozniškega dovoljenja, priročni robo-taksiji pa bi tekmovali z lokalnim javnim prevozom.

»Rezultati kažejo, da bi lahko avtonomni avtomobili, storitve mobilnosti in povezana infrastruktura znatno zmanjšali zastoje in cestne površine. Hkrati bi lahko več mladih in starejših ljudi potovalo varno in priročno. Kakovost življenja v mestih bi se na ta način dramatično izboljšala. Te ugotovitve nas spodbujajo k nadaljnjemu vlaganju v avtonomne avtomobile, kot je Audi Aicon, storitve, kot je Audi na zahtevo, in tehnologijo, kot je Audi traffic-light information,« pravi Melanie Goldmann, vodja oddelka komuniciranja trendov pri Audiju.

“We only create things that can become real in some form. The technology has to exist to make the concept feasible.”

The Pop.Up Next concept doesn’t herald a flying car per se, but a self-driving, self-flying, fully autonomous, electric-powered taxi. It’s designed to operate on a multi-mode principle. Two passengers sit in a capsule, which, for driving purposes, is attached to a four-wheel ground module that is also electric-powered and fully autonomous. For flight mode, the capsule is autonomously detached from the ground module, then attached to an eight-rotor air module or drone capable of vertical take-off.

Grafika pametnih avtomobilov na cesti

Študija je proučevala tudi zahtevnejše scenarije. Kaj bi se na primer zgodilo, če bi se število ljudi, ki uporabljajo javni prevoz, pešačijo ali potujejo s kolesom, močno povečalo? Kakšni so učinki povečanega obsega dostavnega prometa kot posledice spletnega nakupovanja? In kaj se zgodi, kadar mesta ne dovolijo avtonomnih avtomobilov oziroma so nenaklonjena digitalizaciji infrastrukture? Rezultati se gibljejo med 40-odstotno krajšimi potovalnimi časi in popolnimi prometnimi zastoji.

»V raziskovalni skupnosti nenehno preučujemo učinke povezanih in avtomatiziranih vozil ter drugih tehničnih in družbenih sprememb. Večina študij se osredotoča na izolirane učinke posameznih dejavnikov, mi pa smo si zastavili drugačen cilj – želeli smo raziskati, kakšen bo promet, ko se vsi ti učinki združijo,« pravi profesor Peter Vortisch, vodja Inštituta za promet pri KIT.

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On board with Angus

“The aeronautical-inspired seatsfeature netting that adjusts to each passenger’s shape.”

The concept certainly appears cool and suitably futuristic, both from outside and inside the ultra-minimalist cabin. My details and my ‘journey’ have already been pre-registered on an app on my smartphone and, as I settle into the seat, I’m recognised and welcomed aboard by PIA, my speaking Personal Intelligent Assistant. The seats certainly feel comfortable, and, currently, there’s sufficient space behind them to hold a couple of small bags, although it’s possible the flying taxi will be smaller in size when it reaches production. The ‘dashboard’ in front of me is one large screen that incorporates augmented-reality technology and enables me to highlight icons simply by moving my eyes


By pressing on a small touchpad mounted between the seats, I can then choose the ambient-lighting theme I desire, and the type of music I wish to listen to through the speakers built into the headrests. Naturally, there is plenty of glass area to provide occupants with a fine view as they soar over the city, although the floor below my feet is not transparent – and deliberately so, as Nicolas points out: ‘We wanted to create an open environment that enables passengers to enjoy the experience, but we also wanted to ensure they felt safe and weren’t frightened.’

Futuristična notranjost avtomobila Audi. Grafika
Futuristična notranjost avtomobila Audi. Grafika

Vožnja po pametnem mestu

Naša tehnologija Traffic Light Information, ki jo preizkušamo v pametnih mestih po vsem svetu, voznika udobno popelje skozi zelene luči na semaforjih. Ja, zeleni val v resnici obstaja. 

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Grafika avtomobilov na cesti, kot jih vidi pametni prometni sistem

Raziskovalci so v prometnem modelu mesta Ingolstadt preučevali en izoliran dejavnik (brez upoštevanja sprememb v vedenju uporabnikov in povečanega povpraševanja): Koliko vozil bi moralo biti avtonomnih, da bi se prometni pretok opazno izboljšal? Najmanj 40 odstotkov! Računalniki vzdržujejo primerno razdaljo med vozili, ne vozijo prehitro in upoštevajo prometno signalizacijo. A glede na podatke več akademskih študij v mešanih prometnih razmerah to slabo vpliva na promet. Potovalni časi se občutno skrajšajo le pod pogojem, da se hkrati poveča število avtonomnih avtomobilov. Če bi ceste v Ingolstadtu danes uporabljala samo avtonomna vozila, bi se potovalni časi v povprečju skrajšali za četrtino.

One of the big problems we’ll have is acceptance.

Massimo Martinotti, head of mobility solutions, Italdesign

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The journey is the reward

The company has already conducted a flight in public, at Drone Week in Amsterdam last year – but using a 1:4 scale model. The flight module accurately placed a passenger capsule on the ground module, which then drove from the test grounds autonomously. This proved the effectiveness of the Airbus coupling system and its locking and latching functionality. The air module currently rests on legs to make docking easier, but it’s envisaged that such legs would not be required by the time the concept reaches production.

To make the project with full-sized versions viable, more powerful batteries than those that exist today would be required, and Airbus is currently working on developing such technology. Noise is another issue, and reduction of the high-pitched whirring familiar to anyone who has witnessed even a small drone in flight is being sought. Italdesign is working with Audi to develop battery and electric-motor technology for the ground module – an area in which Audi’s engineers have already proven highly competent, as the recent launch of the e-tron SUV testifies. Therefor an Audi engineer is also based with the Italdesign team in Italy.

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The journey is the reward

The company has already conducted a flight in public, at Drone Week in Amsterdam last year – but using a 1:4 scale model. The flight module accurately placed a passenger capsule on the ground module, which then drove from the test grounds autonomously. This proved the effectiveness of the Airbus coupling system and its locking and latching functionality. The air module currently rests on legs to make docking easier, but it’s envisaged that such legs would not be required by the time the concept reaches production.

To make the project with full-sized versions viable, more powerful batteries than those that exist today would be required, and Airbus is currently working on developing such technology. Noise is another issue, and reduction of the high-pitched whirring familiar to anyone who has witnessed even a small drone in flight is being sought. Italdesign is working with Audi to develop battery and electric-motor technology for the ground module – an area in which Audi’s engineers have already proven highly competent, as the recent launch of the e-tron SUV testifies. Therefor an Audi engineer is also based with the Italdesign team in Italy.

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“Vozniki danes v povprečju za volanom preživijo približno 50 minut na dan.”

»Rezultati kažejo, kako pomemben je celostni pristop do mobilnosti v mestih. Da bi lahko kar najbolje izkoristili prednosti avtonomnih avtomobilov, nujno potrebujemo storitve mobilnosti in pametno infrastrukturo. Zato je sodelovanje z različnimi deležniki, zlasti z mesti, bistvenega pomena,« pravi Goldmann.

Ingolstadt, kjer se nahaja sedež družbe Audi, ima približno 140.000 prebivalcev in predstavlja zelo primeren 'laboratorij' za raziskovanje prometnega toka, saj tu promet poteka večinoma po štirih kolesih. Iz zgodovinskih razlogov Ingolstadt nima podzemne železnice ali tramvajev, na cestah pa je veliko avtomobilov in avtobusov. Enako velja za številna srednje velika mesta v različnih državah po svetu.

Audijev raziskovalni projekt 25th Hour

Vozniki danes v povprečju za volanom preživijo približno 50 minut na dan. V okviru projekta 25th Hour pri Audiju že od leta 2017 raziskujemo, kako bodo avtonomni avtomobili spremenili naše vsakdanje življenje. Bomo tudi v prihodnosti skoraj eno uro na dan preživeli v avtu?

Čas vožnje z avtonomnim avtomobilom bodo lahko ljudje tudi dobro izkoristili: za pogovore, sprostitev ali delo. V sodelovanju z nemškim inštitutom Fraunhofer (IAO) na primer preučujemo, kako bi lahko notranjost avtomobila postala popolno delovno mesto. Odgovori na takšna vprašanja so ključni za naše stratege in oblikovalce. Z digitalizacijo in urbanizacijo se spreminjajo mesta, mobilnost in vedenje uporabnikov. Avtomobilski koncepti, ki jih razvijamo danes, pa se morajo pametno in učinkovito ujemati s prometnimi sistemi prihodnosti.

1920x2500-mobil-e-mobility-blue-sky-thinking-036

The journey is the reward

The company has already conducted a flight in public, at Drone Week in Amsterdam last year – but using a 1:4 scale model. The flight module accurately placed a passenger capsule on the ground module, which then drove from the test grounds autonomously. This proved the effectiveness of the Airbus coupling system and its locking and latching functionality. The air module currently rests on legs to make docking easier, but it’s envisaged that such legs would not be required by the time the concept reaches production.

To make the project with full-sized versions viable, more powerful batteries than those that exist today would be required, and Airbus is currently working on developing such technology. Noise is another issue, and reduction of the high-pitched whirring familiar to anyone who has witnessed even a small drone in flight is being sought. Italdesign is working with Audi to develop battery and electric-motor technology for the ground module – an area in which Audi’s engineers have already proven highly competent, as the recent launch of the e-tron SUV testifies. Therefor an Audi engineer is also based with the Italdesign team in Italy.

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1920x2500-mobil-e-mobility-blue-sky-thinking-036

The journey is the reward

The company has already conducted a flight in public, at Drone Week in Amsterdam last year – but using a 1:4 scale model. The flight module accurately placed a passenger capsule on the ground module, which then drove from the test grounds autonomously. This proved the effectiveness of the Airbus coupling system and its locking and latching functionality. The air module currently rests on legs to make docking easier, but it’s envisaged that such legs would not be required by the time the concept reaches production.

To make the project with full-sized versions viable, more powerful batteries than those that exist today would be required, and Airbus is currently working on developing such technology. Noise is another issue, and reduction of the high-pitched whirring familiar to anyone who has witnessed even a small drone in flight is being sought. Italdesign is working with Audi to develop battery and electric-motor technology for the ground module – an area in which Audi’s engineers have already proven highly competent, as the recent launch of the e-tron SUV testifies. Therefor an Audi engineer is also based with the Italdesign team in Italy.

1920x2500-mobil-e-mobility-blue-sky-thinking-036

The journey is the reward

The company has already conducted a flight in public, at Drone Week in Amsterdam last year – but using a 1:4 scale model. The flight module accurately placed a passenger capsule on the ground module, which then drove from the test grounds autonomously. This proved the effectiveness of the Airbus coupling system and its locking and latching functionality. The air module currently rests on legs to make docking easier, but it’s envisaged that such legs would not be required by the time the concept reaches production.

To make the project with full-sized versions viable, more powerful batteries than those that exist today would be required, and Airbus is currently working on developing such technology. Noise is another issue, and reduction of the high-pitched whirring familiar to anyone who has witnessed even a small drone in flight is being sought. Italdesign is working with Audi to develop battery and electric-motor technology for the ground module – an area in which Audi’s engineers have already proven highly competent, as the recent launch of the e-tron SUV testifies. Therefor an Audi engineer is also based with the Italdesign team in Italy.

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Križišče pametnih avtomobilov. Računalniška grafika
Moški med testiranjem pametnega sistema Audi v simulatorju.

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2020-01-AudiLab_newsletter_01
2020-01-AudiLab_newsletter_01

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